The former comment under Desmognathus 'quadramaculatus' follows: See detailed accounts by Valentine, 1974, Cat. As a result, the literature of former Desmognathus ' quadramaculatus' is only to be used cautiously for any of the daughter species. Subsequently Pyron and Beamer, 2022, Bionomina, 27: 1–43, remedied this situation with the naming/recognition of Desmognathus amphileucus (former Desmognathus 'quadramaculatus' A), Desmognathus gvnigeusgwotli (former Desmognathus 'quadramaculatus' F), Desmognathus mavrokoilius (former Desmognathus 'quadramaculatus' C, E, and G), and Desmognathus kanawha (former Desmognathus 'quadramaculatus' D). This left a widespread complex of "Black-bellied Salamanders" largely without names (although excepting Desmognathus folkertsi, previously named). Complicating this was the fact that the name Salamandra quadramaculata Green, 1818, was actually a synonym of Salamandra nigra Green, 1818 ( Pyron and Beamer, 2020, Zootaxa, 4838: 226–228). Under the pre-2022 taxonomy, one widespread nominal species, Desmognathus quadramaculatus was known to be a complex of species. This taxon is cvbn./A of Pyron, O'Connell, Lemmon, Lemmon, and Beamer, 2020, Mol. CommentĪs part of a major revision of black-bellied salamanders, removed from the synonymy of nominal Desmognathus quadramaculatus by Pyron and Beamer, 2022, Bionomina, 27: 14, on the basis of molecular, allozymic, and morphological evidence. Distributionīlue Ridge of the Appalachian Mountains south of the Great Smoky Mountains and mostly west of the French Broad River (southwestern North Carolina, extreme western South Carolina, extreme southeastern Tennessee, and northeastern Georgia, USA). Southern Black-bellied Salamander ( Pyron and Beamer, 2022, Bionomina, 27: 17). Nantahala Black-bellied Salamander ( Pyron and Beamer, 2022, Bionomina, 27: 17 White-headed Salamander ( Desmognathus quadramaculatus amphileucus: Bishop, 1943, Handb. Salamanders: 214.ĭesmognathus amphileucus - Pyron and Beamer, 2022, Bionomina, 27: 14. See also Neill, 1948, Copeia, 1948: 218, who redelimited the race.ĭesmognathus quadramaculatus amphileucus - Bishop, 1943, Handb.
Subspecies status rejected by Pope, 1949, Nat. Type locality: "Demorest, Habersham County, Georgia", USA. Holotype: UMMZ 89767, by original designation. Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 recordsĭesmognathus quadramaculatus amphileucus Bishop, 1941, Occas. Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa RicaĬombining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks) Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.ĪND statement.
Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla " anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla. Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string
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